gun-proof

Conservation of our Charter and Ordinances

Mon, 30 Mar 2026 17:40:54 GMT

Conservation of our Charter and Ordinances

David Williams OBE FREng and Dr Nicholas Harlow

At the end of 2024, the Heritage and Collections Committee of the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers was directed by the Master, Wardens and Court of Assistants to review the condition of the Company’s Charter and Ordinances, with a view to their long-term conservation.

Following inspection, Court Assistant Williams advised that urgent conservation work was required. The Court acted decisively, commissioning immediate intervention. Work began in early 2025 and, on 14 October that year, the Master led a small group to the Conservation Studio at The London Archives to review progress.

We were welcomed by Miles Mears, Conservation Manager, Tim Warrender, Senior Conservator, and Howard Doble, Senior Archivist.

Gathered around the central table of the studio, we witnessed what could best be described as an unveiling. The lids of two bespoke, museum-grade conservation boxes were carefully removed, revealing the Charter and Ordinances.

Previously, both documents had been tightly rolled within their original storage cases—an approach that restricted access and, over time, caused damage. The initial stage of work involved carefully flattening and cleaning the vellum, followed by meticulous conservation treatment. Tim explained the delicate techniques used, including a near-invisible repair to the Charter’s decorated initial using fine Japanese handmade paper. He also emphasised the importance of rehousing the documents flat within a stable, controlled micro-environment.

Before us lay the Company’s two defining instruments:

The Charter of 1637, naming our first Master, Henry Rowland, and the founding freemen gunmakers
The Ordinances of 1670, setting out the governance and daily operation of the Company

As the significance of what we were seeing settled, so too did a quiet realisation: both documents are approaching 400 years in age.

Attention then turned to the details. The repair to the Charter’s initial was almost imperceptible, visible only as fine slivers of reinforcement on the reverse. A small hole in one sheet—originating from an insect bite in the animal skin before it was prepared as vellum—had expanded during the stretching process. The original Ordinances box was found to be lined with pages from a Latin astronomy text, while the three official seals were housed in finely crafted, threaded ivory containers.

The Charter’s original box bears a gilt-brass escutcheon dated 1690, engraved ‘RS’. It is likely this refers to Robert Silke Senior, who served as Master that year and was Chief Gunmaker at the Tower of London. The Silke family formed part of the dynastic backbone of the Company. As recorded in Liveryman Howard Blackmore’s work, John Silke was Master in 1655—the year the Company began accepting apprentices—while his successor, also John Silke, served in 1660 and was among those arrested by the Blacksmiths’ Company in 1656.

The Digital Studio has produced high-resolution archival photography of each page—four for the Charter and eight for the Ordinances—ensuring accurate digital preservation. The seals have also been separately conserved and boxed.

The final phase of the project will see the professional scanning of the Charter seal and the creation of a 3D-printed replica. This represents a first for The London Archives, placing the Gunmakers at the forefront of applying additive manufacturing to heritage conservation.

This work has been made possible through the generosity of members of the Court, for which the Heritage and Collections Committee records its sincere gratitude.

The documents are now secured through a preventative conservation approach and are significantly more accessible for study. This will allow the Company to examine their contents in greater detail, deepening understanding of how these historic instruments continue to inform its present governance.

During our visit, representatives from the College of Arms were also present and expressed particular interest in examining an original Charter of King Charles I, as part of their own research.

Image Caption

1. Myles Mears reveals our charter

2. Tim Warrender explains the conservation process

3. The flattening process

4. A relieved Clerk and Heritage and Collections Committee Chair

5. The conserved initial of the Charter

6. The escutcheon on the Charter Box with RS and 1690

A Vision for the Future

Wed, 04 Mar 2026 21:26:04 GMT

Richard Hefford-Hobbs FREng outlines vision as Proof House Committee chairman

Nearly four centuries after the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers was first tasked with proving firearms for public safety, the organisation continues to evolve in step with a modern shooting industry. Now, with Richard Hefford-Hobbs appointed chairman of the Proof House Committee, the focus is firmly on combining heritage with technical progress.

Speaking to Gun Trade Insider, Hefford-Hobbs explained that the committee sits at the heart of the Gunmakers’ working function, distinct from its well-known livery activities and plays a central role in ensuring the Proof House continues to meet its statutory obligations.

“One of the things to make clear is that there are two aspects to the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers,” he said. “There’s a livery side, which is all to do with liverymen, fellowship and philanthropy. Then there’s the other dimension, which is the working side of what we do - proving guns for public safety and public good. That’s what we’ve been doing since 1637.”

The Proof House Committee has long formed part of that structure, with responsibility for oversight embedded within the organisation’s charter.

“The overseeing of the proof master is something that was originally part and parcel of what we were chartered to do,” Hefford-Hobbs said. “It is basically overseeing the proof master and the activities of the proof system to make sure that duties are discharged in accordance with the role and the charter.”

While the proof master manages daily operations, the committee operates at a strategic level and reports directly to the Court.

“Day to day, the proof master runs the Proof House and manages the proof assistants,” he explained. “But the chairman of the Proof House Committee and the committee itself sit above proof, and it is the Proof House Committee that reports to Court. It is the committee that sets, with the proof master, the strategic direction and offers a challenging environment, asking why we are doing something and whether we should be doing it differently.”

Regulatory compliance remains a core responsibility, particularly given the legislative framework that underpins the Proof Houses’ authority.

“We make sure that from a regulatory standpoint we are in the right position in terms of the Acts of Parliament that maintain our powers,” he said. “We are accredited to ISO 9001, so we must ensure our accreditations are audited and that we are working within that framework.”

Data security is another area receiving increased attention. “We will have Cyber Essentials in place by the end of February. We will then go to Cyber Essentials Plus, and then take a view as to whether we move forward to ISO 27001, which is information and data security. You can imagine why that’s important, not only for our civilian customers but also the military and uniformed services.”

He added that robust protections should reassure customers across all sectors. “The military would be comforted to know that data is being kept secure, and our civilian customers would be comforted to the same degree.”

Eligibility for the position reflects the seniority required.

“Chairs of the Proof House Committee need to be ex-masters, so you have to have gone through the Court system before becoming eligible,” he noted.

Several previous chairmen have left a lasting influence, including respected industry figures. “We’ve had people such as Robert Pitcher and Daryl Greatrix, who used to be chairman of Holland & Holland and now works as a consultant at Purdey. Very much like masters, every chair has their own drivers and wants to leave their own fingerprints on the role.”

Hefford-Hobbs’ own background is likely to shape his tenure. A professional engineer, fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering and leader of a precision manufacturing business supplying highly regulated industries, he intends to prioritise systems and process improvements.

“One of the things I’m really going to be pushing on with is looking at our systems, processes, procedures and data security,” he said. “I’m looking to modernise in a number of ways and move from bits of paper floating around the Proof House to a proper data capture system so customers can become more informed.”

He envisions a more transparent workflow. “Rather than bringing a gun through the front door and out again once the job is done, it would be logged into a system and the customer would be told when we started it. These are the kinds of things I’ll be exploring.”

His influence is already evident. Prior to becoming chairman, Hefford-Hobbs was the master of The Worshipful Company of Gunmakers and served on the committee for several years and helped introduce a redesigned proof fixture for best guns.

“We designed a rig specifically for proving best guns, both shotguns and rifles. We can now say with certainty that guns are being held appropriately during proof. The process is safer, more efficient and ultimately the customer gets a better service.”

Electronic solenoids and upgraded bullet catchers have further improved safety and environmental control, demonstrating what he describes as a more technical direction for the organisation.

“It gives the team vision and leadership, and they understand why we’re doing this, because it’s important for all these reasons.”

Despite its historic foundations, Hefford-Hobbs is keen to stress that the London Proof House is far from static.

“While we have history and heritage, we are a modern Proof House developing leading-edge technology and unique know-how,” he said. “Any organisation that has reached almost 400 years old has had to evolve and reinvent itself. If you don’t, you become irrelevant.”

Ultimately, Hefford-Hobbs sees adaptability as the defining requirement for the committee’s future direction.

“Whether it’s black powder going to nitro, or lead going to steel, we have to have the technical ability and agility to respond in order to remain relevant.”

For the UK trade, that message carries clear significance: the Proof House may be rooted in centuries of tradition, but its leadership is focused squarely on ensuring it remains equipped for the demands of a modern firearms industry.

Strengthening the Team at the London Proof House

Tue, 03 Feb 2026 13:42:03 GMT

Strengthening the Team at the London Proof House

We are pleased to confirm that a new member of staff has recently joined the team at the London Proof House.

This appointment represents an important addition to our technical capability and capacity. As demand for proof, inspection, and related services continues to remain strong across the trade, investing in skilled people is essential to maintaining the standards the industry expects from us.

The new team member is already contributing to day-to-day operations, supporting the Proof Master and other staff in delivering timely, consistent, and accurate proof work. This additional capacity helps ensure resilience within the Proof House, improves workflow efficiency, and supports our ongoing commitment to safety, compliance, and service reliability.

In addition to the recent new member to the team, we are also recruiting for another member of staff to join in the Spring, to help us service our commitment to proving weaponry for HM armed forces in a timely manner.

The London Proof House has operated continuously since 1637, and while our role is rooted in tradition, our responsibility is firmly focused on the present and future of the trade. Careful investment in skilled or experienced people is a key part of ensuring we continue to meet that responsibility. We look forward to the positive impact this appointment will have for our customers and the wider industry in the months ahead.

Explaining the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers

Thu, 29 Jan 2026 09:43:38 GMT

INSIDE THE WORSHIPFUL COMPANY OF GUNMAKERS

Gun Trade Insider magazine met with Richard Hefford-Hobbs, Immediate Past Master of the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers, to explore the company's origins, purpose and continuing influence on safety, skills and standards within the UK firearms trade. And to understand the two distinct and separate parts of the Company, Proof and Civic Livery.

The Worshipful Compony of Gunmakers occupies a unique place in both the history and modern structure of the UK gun trade. Rooted in centuries-old tradition, it remains not only the home of British proof, but an active regulatory body with direct relevance to every manufacturer, importer and dealer operating in the UK today. To understand the company's role and evolution, Gun Trade Insider spoke with Richard Hefford-Hobbs, former Master and coowner of Gollyon Gun and Rifle Makers, England's oldest gunmakers established in 1784.

Hefford-Hobbs entered the firearms sector through a technical route. He completed a four-year apprenticeship in instrument making before studying manufacturing engineering at university. His interest in gunmaking led him to Oxford University, where he went up to undertake a research master's degree focusing on the design of English game guns from 1851 to 1951, a period he considers one of the most significant in the development of sporting firearms. He has since been elected a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, a charity delivering public benefit, a National Academy providing progressive leadership, and a Fellowship bringing together an unrivalled community of leaders from every part of engineering and technology. The Academy's Patron is His Majesty King Charles Ill.

Although best known today for its ceremonial and civic presence in the City of London, the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers began life as a working guild. The company was founded by Royal Charter under Charles I on 14th of March 1637, following a successful petition by Henry Rowland, the first Master. At the time, handheld firearms represented an emerging and strategically important technology. Several established craft guilds, including the Blacksmiths and Armourers, were competing to supply weapons to the Crown. Standards varied significantly with such an array of makers, and in the absence of trade regulation there was no consistency in design, quality, interchangeability or service reliability.

Hefford-Hobbs notes that this lack of standardisation created serious concerns. A musket produced by one guild might require a uniquely cast musket ball for that firearm, and with no interchangeability of parts between weapons from the same maker. Independent gunmakers, frustrated by attempts by other guilds to restrict their activity, petitioned for a separate organisation with the authority to regulate the trade and ensure safety. And with the risk of the Spanish invasion, a group of gunmakers petitioned Elisabeth the l st, this first petition failed.

The subsequent petition lead by Rowland in 1637 saw the charier granted, with the gunmakers coming together establishing the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers as a distinct body responsible for overseeing the quality of firearms manufactured in London. The company commenced work by constructing its first proof house near the Tower of London. The proximity to the city wall created anxiety among the Court of Aldermen, who feared the testing process might cause structural damage. Those fears proved justified when the original proof house was destroyed in an accident. As a result, the proofing operation moved in 1675 to Whitechapel, where ii remains today. The current proof house, set within Georgian buildings on Commercial Road, has been in continuous use for almost 350 years. The Gunmakers are unique having always been outside the city walls, and to this day are one of only two ancient working Livery Company's - the Goldsmiths being the other. They assay gold and silver with their hallmark, the Gunmakers prove guns for public safety their assay marks the Crowned GP, which is still being applied 400 years later.

The London Proof House is unfamiliar to many certificate holders and members of the public, yet every gun sold in the UK is legally connected to the work that takes place there and at its counterpart in Birmingham. Whether newly built, newly imported or newly re-barrelled, every firearm must pass proof before entering the market. This obligation originates from the company's founding charter and later Acts of Parliament, which maintain the gunmakers core powers, defining the authority and responsibility of the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers in ensuring firearms are safe for public use.

While proofing is rooted in tradition, Hefford-Hobbs emphasises that the company has consistently innovated and adapted to new technology. One of its most notable technical leaders was Athol Purdey, who helped modernise proof methodology by moving away from traditional shot-and-powder measures towards the now internationally adopted pressure-based testing. The UK is a CIP member state but continues to operate under the principles defined by its charter, acts of parliament and subsequent legislation. As previously mentioned, the hallmark of the gunmakers, the crowned GP for gunmakers proof and the crowned V for viewing remains an internationally recognised indicator of safety, regulation and compliance.

Beyond its regulatory duties, the Worshipful Company maintains its longstanding commitment to education, skills development and craft preservation. Through the Gunmakers Trust, it provides bursaries to support apprenticeships and training across the trade. This investment is increasingly important, Hefford-Hobbs explains, because the skills required in traditional gunmaking are intangible and can only be acquired through extensive hands-on experience. His own son trained under a trust-supported apprenticeship before specialising in bolt rifles and later joining Gallyon Gun and Rifle Makers.

The company also operates a certification panel that accredits working gunmakers, both journeyman and Master gunmakers. Mosler gunmakers are given the post nominal MAsR.G. This process of overseeing the quality al the art, craft and mystery of gunmaking has been conducted since the Company's founding and is defined as one of the Company's powers in its Royal Charter.

Candidates present a portfolio of work to a peer-review panel which assesses competence and quality of the craftsmanship. It is this ancient system that demonstrates the company's historic responsibility for upholding training and quality within the trade.

Membership of the livery, which is distinct and separate to the commercial activities of the proof house, comprises freemen and liverymen who join through a formal process overseen by the Court of the company. Applicants require sponsors, must make two declarations, and, if not already free of the City of London, petition the Chamberlain's Office for that status. The clothing ceremony, during which the beadle places the livery gown on a newly appointed liveryman, remains one of the most distinctive and ancient traditions of the Company. Today the livery is made up of a diverse group of gunmakers, engineers, collectors, heritage specialists and individuals with professional or academic interest in the history of arms and armour.

Recent years have seen a deliberate effort to welcome working gunmakers to strengthen the company's relevance and younger members. The Company increasingly attracts international members, particularly from the United States, many of whom find the combination of heritage, ceremony and technical purpose unusual but compelling. Hefford-Hobbs recently handed the keys of the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers to the new Master, Nicole Brocklebank-Fowler, who becomes the second woman to hold the role and the first American woman to do so. Her background in a major global engineering consultancy brings additional expertise to the leadership team.

looking ahead, Heffard-Hobbs acknowledges the challenges facing British gunmaking. Regulatory scrutiny, cultural pressure and the well-documented difficulties with firearms licensing all place strain on the trade. Recruitment of skilled craftspeople remains a significant concern, with demand for highly trained actioners, stockers and finishers exceeding supply. The preservation of traditional skills depends on long-term commitment to apprenticeships, sustained investment and the support provided by organisations such as the Gunmakers Trust.

Yet the strengths of British gunmaking endure. The combination of heritage, craftsmanship and high technical standards maintains international demand for British rifles and shotguns.

The continuing work of the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers, a Carolean Company and the home of British proof, that continues to oversee proof, upholding safety on a site it has occupied since 1675, and nurturing future generations provides a foundation that has remained constant for nearly four centuries. For businesses such as Gallyon and for the wider trade, that continuity offers a reassuring stability in a fast-changing

landscape.

The London Proof House and the Auction Trade

Wed, 03 Dec 2025 15:15:20 GMT

The London Proof House and the Auction Trade

For the many auction houses across the UK dealing in second-hand firearms, the London Proof House plays a vital role in ensuring that guns entering the market are both legally compliant and safe to use. Proof Master David Miles explains that the organisation’s work is central to maintaining trust, transparency and safety standards across the trade.

According to Miles, the Proof House frequently advises auctioneers on what further work is needed to bring such firearms up to standard. “We often suggest the additional work that should be carried out, or we put the auction house in touch with a deactivation company that can complete it,” he said. “Typically, this involves welding the gun closed so it can’t be stripped, which is often the main step needed to comply. Once that’s done, the auctioneer can sell the gun with a new deactivation certificate.”

Reproofing older firearms before sale is equally important. “Auctioneers have a legal duty under the Gun Barrel Proof Act of 1868 to make sure every gun they sell is in proof with legal proof marks,” explained Miles. “When they inspect their lots, they often find that some guns are out of proof. Sometimes it’s as simple as sending them to us for reproof, but in many cases they need work first. We recommend they go to one of our approved outworkers, who are Certified Gunmakers, to repair and prepare them for submission. That gives the auctioneer confidence that the work is being done properly.”

The reasons a firearm might need reproof are varied. “Sometimes it’s old foreign proof marks that aren’t legally recognised,” said Miles. “Other times it’s dents, bulges, barrels being off the face, rifles that are out of headspace tolerance, or barrels that have been threaded for a sound moderator without being reproved. Another common one is rifles with unproven sound moderators attached, to legally sell them together, both need to be proof tested.”

Shotguns present their own challenges. “We often see barrels that have been lengthened without reproof,” Miles continued. “That makes them out of proof because the barrels have been materially weakened. When we reproof them, we add new marks and stamp the correct chamber lengths. We also see barrels that have become more than 0.2mm wider than the bore diameter stamped on them, which again makes them out of proof. Once they pass reproof, we mark the correct bore size.”

Whatever the cause, recent proof marks are a powerful indicator of safety. “Reproof is highly recommended,” said Miles. “New proof marks give the buyer real confidence that the old gun is still safe to fire.”

Beyond safety, the presence of current London proof marks can also enhance a firearm’s desirability. “Many of the guns that auction houses sell were originally tested by the London Proof House, sometimes more than 100 years ago,” said Miles. “When we reproof those guns, we’re putting current London marks on them. That helps preserve their history and value. Buyers like to see London-made guns with London proof marks, it’s part of the appeal. The fact that it’s passed proof again adds another layer of assurance that it’s safe to use.”

Miles believes the Proof House’s role goes beyond compliance, serving as a safeguard for the trade as a whole. “Reproof of older firearms is a critical reason why old guns are still used, auctioned and desirable to buy,” he said. “Without it, there would be no safety standard and no minimum legal state of repair before a gun could be sold. That would lead to unsafe guns on the market and would damage confidence in the second-hand trade.”

Feedback from auctioneers and buyers reflects that same sentiment. “The most important part of any condition report is the dimensions and level of wear and tear,” said Miles. “If a gun has recent reproof stamps, it’s a clear sign that it’s at least safe to use. It doesn’t guarantee everything else works perfectly, the ejectors or the wood might still need attention, but it shows that the pressure-bearing parts are sound.”

Looking ahead, Miles expects the Proof House’s partnership with auction houses to grow as the demand for transparency and provenance increases. “I’ve heard it said that it’s difficult to get insurance for selling older guns, especially pre-1954 shotguns, unless they’ve had recent reproof,” he said. “The auction houses that use the London Proof House are very conscientious. They often send us guns just for us to have a look at when they’re unsure if they’re in proof or not.”

Miles is full of praise for the auctioneers who take that extra care. “They really deserve credit for how careful they are,” he said. “By checking their lots so thoroughly, they help maintain the reputation of the second-hand market and ensure that the guns they sell don’t cause any harm further down the line.”

“Auction houses send us both second-hand guns for reproof and deactivated firearms to be checked,” said Miles. “The problem we often encounter with older deactivated firearms is that they were deactivated to an outdated standard. The auction houses send them to us to check whether they comply with the 2018 deactivation standard, because they cannot be sold if they were done to an earlier one.”

London Proof House passes BSI ISO 9001 Audit

Sun, 23 Nov 2025 13:38:07 GMT

London Proof House passes BSI ISO 9001 Audit

The London Proof House is proud to announce that it has successfully passed its ISO 9001 audit conducted by BSI, reaffirming its commitment to the highest standards of quality management, traceability, and public safety. For an institution entrusted with safeguarding firearms users and the wider public since 1637, this achievement is far more than a certification, it is a confirmation that the systems, processes, and expertise that underpin gun proofing continue to meet modern expectations of rigour, control, and accountability.

ISO 9001 is the world’s most recognised quality management standard. Passing an audit from BSI, the British Standards Institution, demonstrates that the Proof House not only meets the standard’s requirements, but does so under independent scrutiny from one of the most respected auditing bodies in the country. This reassurance is vitally important in the firearms sector, where confidence in process integrity is non-negotiable.

Leadership from the Proof Master

Central to the success of the audit was the leadership, oversight, and vision of the Proof Master. As the senior officer responsible for all proofing activities undertaken by the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers, the Proof Master ensures that every firearm passing through the Proof House is subject to consistent, compliant, and meticulously controlled processes.

Over the last year, the Proof Master has overseen a programme of continuous improvement designed to strengthen quality assurance, modernise documentation, and enhance process repeatability. This work has touched every stage of the proofing journey: from initial receipt and inspection, through the internal handling of firearms, to testing, recording, marking, and safe release back to the trade.

The Proof Master’s responsibility is not simply technical; it is custodial. The proofing system is a critical part of the UK’s firearms safety framework, and it relies on absolute confidence that every step is performed to an agreed, auditable, and traceable standard. The recent successful audit confirms that the systems he manages meet these expectations.

Why Audited Processes Matter in Gun Proof

Gun proofing is about one thing above all else: safety. Every firearm must withstand the pressures generated when it is discharged, and the only way to ensure that is through controlled proof testing. But the safety outcome relies not only on the physical test, it relies on the reliability of the processes behind it.

Properly audited processes ensure:

Consistency of Testing

Every firearm is tested in the same way, under the same conditions, and against the same benchmarks. ISO 9001 ensures that documentation, calibration, equipment checks, and handling procedures support absolute consistency.

Traceability and Record-Keeping

In the event of a query, whether from a gunmaker, dealer, insurer, or law enforcement, there must be a clear chain of evidence showing precisely how the firearm was tested. ISO 9001 strengthens the Proof House’s existing record-keeping and ensures that every stage is trackable.

Accountability and Independence

It is not enough that processes exist; they must be demonstrably followed. Independent auditing ensures transparency and avoids complacency, reinforcing the high levels of trust placed in the Proof House.

Continuous Improvement

Firearms technology evolves. Materials change. Expectations change. ISO 9001 embeds the discipline of regularly reviewing and improving processes, ensuring the Proof House stays aligned with best practice and modern risk-management principles.

Confidence for the Trade and the Public

Whether a gunmaker submitting a new rifle, a dealer selling a second-hand shotgun, or a member of the public seeking assurance, properly audited processes protect everyone involved. They provide the certainty that proof marks stand not just for a single test, but for a system that works reliably day in, day out.

A Standard Worth Upholding

The London Proof House has operated for nearly four centuries, serving as one of Britain’s oldest safety regulators. Achieving ISO 9001 accreditation with BSI shows that heritage and modern quality management can work hand-in-hand. It reflects the professionalism of the staff, the leadership of the Proof Master, and the unwavering commitment of the Gunmakers’ Company to public safety.

This successful audit is not the end, it is part of an ongoing commitment to ensuring that the London Proof House remains a benchmark for safety, integrity, and excellence in gun proofing.

Proofing Imported Firearms

Sun, 03 Aug 2025 10:13:40 GMT

Proofing Imported Firearms

With the majority of sporting guns sold in the UK now sourced from overseas, the proofing of imported firearms is a crucial step in ensuring legal compliance and safety for dealers and the end user. To better understand the process and how it affects dealers and importers, Gun Trade Insider spoke with David Miles, proof master at the London Proof House.

What UK Dealers Need to Know

A Legal Obligation with Strict Deadlines

Importers of firearms into the UK must notify the London or Birmingham proof house within seven days of a shipment arriving. Once in the country, all imported firearms intended for sale must be submitted for proof within 28 days, unless an exemption applies. The only exemption covers firearms brought in by individuals for personal use, while the firearm remains in their possession and is not transferred or sold.

“If a dealer is importing a batch of 20 rifles, even if they are the same model, they still need to inform us and provide the quantity and serial numbers,” said Miles. “Even if there’s a valid reason why they can’t get them to us within 28 days, we’re generally understanding, provided they’re transparent and communicate clearly.”

Each imported firearm must be proof tested individually, there are no sampling allowances for batches. The only exception is when the firearm has already been proofed in a member country of the CIP (Permanent International Commission for the Proof of Small Arms), an international group of which the UK is a member.

“Firearms bearing an official CIP proof mark can be imported and sold without being reproofed in the UK,” Miles explained. “For instance, a Beretta shotgun from Italy already proofed in Gardone Val Trompia will be accepted.”

At present, 16 countries are part of the CIP, most of them in Europe. Firearms from countries outside the CIP network, including the United States and Turkey, must undergo UK proof before they can be sold, regardless of any factory tests they may have passed abroad.

Proofing Without Borders, But Not Without Scrutiny

UK proof standards are closely aligned with those used across the CIP network. Member countries follow the same technical rules, tolerances and proof pressures, which ensures a high degree of interoperability.

“In terms of technical requirements, there’s almost no difference between UK proof and proof from other CIP countries,” Miles said. “We’re all working to the same standards.”

The situation is markedly different for American-made firearms. The United States does not have a centralised proofing authority and relies instead on voluntary compliance with industry standards, such as those developed by the Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers’ Institute (SAAMI). As a result, UK importers bringing in US-made guns must account for this gap by sending firearms for UK proof regardless of any factory assurance.

How the UK Compares

Although firearms from outside the CIP must be submitted for UK proof, the standardised test is the same for all guns, whether imported, UK-made or undergoing reproof.

“We apply exactly the same checks and test pressures,” said Miles. “The process is uniform across all guns that come through the London Proof House.”

However, some countries present more challenges than others. While Miles refrained from naming specific manufacturers, he confirmed that firearms from non-CIP countries are more likely to fail proof, particularly when they originate from firms unfamiliar with UK standards.

“Any issues are dealt with at our end,” he said. “Only guns that pass proof make it onto the UK market, so end users aren’t affected. But it does mean more work for importers if their shipments don’t meet requirements the first time.”

Impact of Trade Changes and Global Events

When asked about the effect of global shifts, such as Brexit, international regulations or geopolitical instability, Miles confirmed that changes in global trade do influence what comes through the doors.

“Yes, we’ve definitely seen fluctuations linked to global events,” he said. “These can be either positive or negative, depending on your perspective. Civilian trade may drop off, but military-related activity can increase.”

He added that UK-based manufacturers, which also use the Proof House, have fared comparatively well due to their ability to pivot between export markets. For UK retailers and importers, however, the challenges are more localised.

“If you’re importing firearms for sale in the UK, you’re going to be more directly affected by the UK economy, political decisions, and licensing environment,” Miles noted. “During COVID and Brexit, there were certainly logistical disruptions.”

Helping Importers Avoid Costly Rework

To prevent unnecessary delays or failures, the Proof House works directly with UK importers and even liaises with overseas manufacturers to ensure incoming firearms are built to pass UK proof.

“We sell chamber gauges and advise manufacturers on our dimensional tolerances,” said Miles. “This allows them to carry out pre-shipment checks to make sure the guns they’re sending will pass once they arrive.”

This approach is particularly useful when dealing with first-time exporters to the UK.

“Most failures occur with firearms from companies that simply aren’t familiar with UK proof standards,” he explained. “That’s why we always encourage communication. Retailers and importers can contact us directly and we’ll help facilitate those technical conversations with the factory abroad.”

A Collaborative Approach

Ultimately, Miles stressed the importance of working in partnership with the trade to ensure smooth, legal importation of firearms into the UK. With a clear understanding of the requirements and a proactive approach to communication, importers can significantly reduce the risk of problems arising during the proofing process.

“All we ask is that dealers keep us informed,” he said. “If there’s a delay, let us know. If you’re unsure about tolerances or documentation, just ask. We're here to make the process efficient and compliant."

Understanding Deactivation

Mon, 14 Jul 2025 06:55:21 GMT

Understanding Deactivation

Contrary to some assumptions, the London Proof House does not carry out deactivation work itself. “Anybody can send a firearm to us that they’ve attempted to deactivate, typically registered firearms dealers,” explained Miles. “We check that it’s been physically deactivated in accordance with UK law. If it meets all the criteria, we apply deactivation stamps and issue a certificate.”

Once issued, a deactivation certificate renders the item legally no longer a firearm. It can then be sold or possessed without a firearms certificate, offering a route to legal ownership for non-licence holders.

Gun Trade Insider spoke to David Miles, proof master at the London Proof House, to clarify the deactivation process, the regulatory backdrop and the implications for dealers, collectors and the general public.

EVOLVING STANDARDS AND WHY THEY MATTER

The process and legal framework surrounding deactivation have changed significantly over time. “Over the last 40 years, the legal standards for deactivation have become stricter,” said Miles. This trend is largely a response to attempts, albeit extremely rare, to reverse the deactivation process. In particular, imported blank firers or previously deactivated firearms that were improperly modified have contributed to tougher requirements.

“Today, UK deactivation requirements are governed by two main standards: the 2018 EU-derived regulations and earlier 2010 UK specifications. ‘The 2018 rules remain in place and must be met for a deactivated firearm to be legally sold or transferred,’ Miles said.

When a firearm arrives at the Proof House, it undergoes a rigorous inspection. “The inspection is both visual and involves physical measurements. For instance, we check that slots have been cut in the chamber, the breech face is milled at an angle, the barrel is plugged and welded, and the firing pin hole sealed. We also check that key components, like the bolt and magazine, can’t be removed.”

Each firearm is inspected twice. The first stage certifies internal modifications, while the second checks that the weapon cannot be disassembled. Only then is the certificate issued. “Turnaround is usually under a week,” said Miles.

CHECKING THIRD-PARTY DEACTIVATIONS

A GROWING AREA OF INTEREST

While not a new service, deactivation has grown in relevance over recent years. “We’ve seen increased demand, particularly from the Ministry of Defence,” said Miles. “We’ve travelled to military sites across the UK inspecting artillery, howitzers and even machine guns mounted on tanks to ensure compliance.”

For the trade, however, the trend is also driven by civilian factors. “Some people want to retain heirloom firearms, such as their grandfather’s shotgun, but have no interest in keeping them live. Deactivation allows these guns to be displayed at home, legally.”

Media influences also play a role. “When a high-profile film or TV series features specific firearms, we often see increased demand for those guns in deactivated form.”

MARKET IMPLICATIONS AND COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES

While most RFDs are well informed, there is occasional confusion among the public.

“Some individuals still own firearms deactivated to pre-2018 or earlier standards and may unknowingly try to sell them, not realising they don’t comply with current law,” warned Miles. “It’s often entirely innocent.”

Trade bodies such as the Gun Trade Association play a key role in disseminating regulatory updates. But reaching the wider public, especially non-certificate holders, remains a challenge.

WHAT’S NEXT FOR DEACTIVATION STANDARDS?

COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS

FINAL THOUGHTS

Outside collector demand, deactivation can offer practical commercial advantages. “Retailers sometimes struggle to sell older firearms that are no longer proofed for modern ammunition or are in poor condition,” explained Miles. “Once deactivated and certified, these guns can be sold to a broader audience. A £300 boxlock might be difficult to sell live but, as a deactivated piece, it could appeal to a non-licence holder for display or collecting purposes.”

Given that the number of people in the UK without a firearm certificate vastly exceeds those with one, this opens up a new and legitimate revenue stream for gun shops.

Significant changes to deactivation regulations are unlikely in the immediate future, according to Miles. “These things tend to evolve slowly, typically over decades. But there is always the possibility of future updates.”

One area that may trigger further interest is the Home Office’s ongoing review of obsolete calibres. “When certain calibres are removed from the obsolete list, the firearms that use them suddenly require a licence. In those cases, owners may choose to deactivate the gun instead. That’s another scenario where we see a spike in demand.”

For UK firearms dealers, deactivation remains a vital and increasingly relevant aspect of the trade. Whether for resale to the public, retention of historical pieces, or clearance of old inventory, understanding the process, and the role of the London Proof House, is essential.

As Miles concluded, “Our role is to ensure these firearms are safely and lawfully deactivated and to provide the certification that allows them to be legally held or s old without a firearms licence. It’s not just about compliance; it’s about preserving history, safely.”

Inside the London Proof House

Wed, 02 Apr 2025 13:11:06 GMT

This month's 'Proof House Chronicles'

in Gun Trade Insider Magazine.

For nearly four centuries, the London Proof House has played a critical role in ensuring firearm safety and quality in the United Kingdom. Established in 1637 by Royal Charter from King Charles I, it remains a fundamental institution in the British firearms industry. The Proof House enforces strict proofing standards, ensuring that every firearm bearing British proof marks has undergone rigorous testing and meets legal safety requirements.

At the head of this institution is Proof Master David Miles, who is responsible for overseeing the proofing of firearms, maintaining compliance with the Gun Barrel Proof Act of 1868, and upholding the long-standing traditions of the Proof House.

"The test first came about in the 1600s because back then, anyone could attempt to make a gun and sell it. There was no safety standard, so firearms were often dangerous to the user," explains David.

"As a result, skilled gunmakers wanted recognition and a City Livery Company of their own to control the quality of gunmaking and the safety of firearms. In 1637, King Charles I issued a Royal Charter which set up the Gunmakers' Company, which in turn set up a Proof House." The Proofing Process: Ensuring Firearms Safety Proofing a firearm is not simply a case of firing a round through it. The process is designed to subject a firearm to extreme pressures to ensure that it can withstand the forces it will encounter in regular use.

"It's a process of inspecting, gauging and firing overpressure ammunition through a firearm to stress test it. If the pressure-bearing parts (bolt, action, barrels) change, or it does not meet the measurement tolerances, the firearm fails the test.

If it passes, it will be proof marked."

Launch of the London Proof House Website

Mon, 10 Mar 2025 11:38:23 GMT

Launch of the London Proof House and New Website for the 388th Birthday

London, 14 ^th March 2025 – The Worshipful Company of Gunmakers, one of the ancient City of London livery companies, is proud to announce several exciting new developments at the historic London Proof House, one of the oldest institutions in the world that proves firearms. A key development is the newly designed user-friendly proof focused comprehensive website. This marks a significant milestone in the Gunmakers’ nearly 400-year commitment to excellence in firearm safety, regulation, and craftsmanship.

Founded in 1637, the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers has been at the forefront of regulating the quality and safety of firearms in the UK. The London Proof House, located in Whitechapel is the home of UK proofing, constantly ensuring that firearms meet the highest safety standards before they reach the consumer. As part of the Gunmakers' ongoing efforts to modernize while preserving and honouring its rich heritage, there are a number of stimulating developments within the Proof House, including cutting-edge proof technology, quality assurance technology and advanced safety measures that will further elevate the central role of the Proof House in the firearms industry.

A Lega cy of Safety and Innovation

As the original home of proofing in the UK, the London Proof House plays a crucial role in the testing and certification of firearms for civilian, military, and uniformed services sectors. It is here that firearms undergo rigorous proofing processes that ensure their safety, durability, and compliance with regulatory standards. This critical work has helped to establish and uphold the integrity of the British gun making industry for centuries.

In recent years, the Proof House has integrated several innovative technologies to improve the accuracy, efficiency, consistency and environmental sustainability of its operations. New bespoke proof test fixtures have been developed to prevent damage to firearms during testing, while modern ‘Snail’ bullet catchers, featuring replaceable ramps and wet trap systems, reduce harmful dust emissions in an environmentally friendly manner.

Additionally, the Proof House has invested in state-of-the-art laser engraving technology, allowing for the permanent marking of firearms with high-definition proof marks.

This technology ensures that proof marks are tamper-proof, enhancing security and reducing the risk of illicit firearms modification.

Quality assurance is embedded as a core value of the Proof House, as evidenced with our ISO9001 Business Management System, and independently calibrated state-of-the-art non-contact inspection equipment that marks a significant investment and seeks to future proof the organisation.

Secure underground parking is available to visitors using any of the Proof House’s multiple services.

Com mitment to Education and Outreach

In line with its focus on quality and safety, the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers continues to prioritize education, apprenticeships, and outreach initiatives. By partnering with manufacturers, legislators, military organizations, and the public, the Gunmakers Company is dedicated to promoting the responsible ownership of firearms and advancing industry standards for safety and craftsmanship.

As part of their ongoing commitment to modernizing their engagement with the community, the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers has launched a new website dedicated to the activities of Proof and its associated elements, regulation, import / export and deactivation. This digital platform will serve as a hub for the latest advancements in gun proof technology, offering easy access to information, educational resources, and updates on upcoming workshops, seminars, and exhibitions.

Quote from Richard Hefford-Hobbs, Master of the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers:

“Modernizing the London Proof House while honouring our long-standing history is a monumental achievement for the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers. These exciting new innovations and developments is not just about embracing new technologies; it is a commitment to our ongoing responsibility in ensuring the safety and integrity of the firearms industry. As we move forward, we will continue to serve the public good, upholding the highest standards of craftsmanship and safety for another 400 years.” – Richard Hefford-Hobbs, Master of the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers

Visit the new website at www.gunproof.co.uk to learn more about the London Proof House, its services, and the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers’ ongoing efforts to innovate while preserving its rich legacy.

gun-proof

Conservation of our Charter and Ordinances

Conservation of our Charter and Ordinances

A Vision for the Future

Richard Hefford-Hobbs FREng outlines vision as Proof House Committee chairman

Strengthening the Team at the London Proof House

Strengthening the Team at the London Proof House

Explaining the Worshipful Company of Gunmakers

INSIDE THE WORSHIPFUL COMPANY OF GUNMAKERS

The London Proof House and the Auction Trade

The London Proof House and the Auction Trade

London Proof House passes BSI ISO 9001 Audit

London Proof House passes BSI ISO 9001 Audit

Leadership from the Proof Master

Why Audited Processes Matter in Gun Proof

Consistency of Testing

Traceability and Record-Keeping

Accountability and Independence

Continuous Improvement

Confidence for the Trade and the Public

A Standard Worth Upholding

Proofing Imported Firearms

Proofing Imported Firearms

What UK Dealers Need to Know

A Legal Obligation with Strict Deadlines

Proofing Without Borders, But Not Without Scrutiny

How the UK Compares

Impact of Trade Changes and Global Events

Helping Importers Avoid Costly Rework

A Collaborative Approach

Understanding Deactivation

Understanding Deactivation

Gun Trade Insider spoke to David Miles, proof master at the London Proof House, to clarify the deactivation process, the regulatory backdrop and the implications for dealers, collectors and the general public.

EVOLVING STANDARDS AND WHY THEY MATTER

CHECKING THIRD-PARTY DEACTIVATIONS

A GROWING AREA OF INTEREST

MARKET IMPLICATIONS AND COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES

WHAT’S NEXT FOR DEACTIVATION STANDARDS?

COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS

FINAL THOUGHTS

Inside the London Proof House

This month's 'Proof House Chronicles'

﻿ in Gun Trade Insider Magazine.

Launch of the London Proof House Website

Launch of the London Proof House and New Website for the 388th Birthday

in Gun Trade Insider Magazine.